The transactional model of communication is a theory that describes communication as a dynamic process where both the sender and receiver of a message are simultaneously encoding and decoding information while engaging in feedback loops. The transactional model was developed by communication theorists Barnlund and Watzlawick in the late 1960s.
In this model, communication is viewed as a two-way process where both the sender and receiver of a message are considered to be active participants in the communication process. Both parties send and receive messages, and the meaning of those messages is shaped by the context in which they are communicated.
The transactional model recognizes that communication is not a linear process but a circular one, with feedback loops between sender and receiver. Communication is not simply about transmitting information from one person to another, but about understanding and negotiating meaning in a shared social context.
The model also recognizes that communication is influenced by various factors, including the environment in which it occurs, the culture and social norms of the communicators, and their backgrounds and experiences.
Overall, the transactional model of communication emphasizes the importance of both verbal and nonverbal communication, the dynamic nature of communication, and the role of context in shaping the meaning of messages.
Barnlund’s transactional model
Barnlund’s transactional model of communication builds upon the basic transactional model of communication and adds a few more elements to it. This model was developed by Dean Barnlund, an American communication theorist, in the 1970s.
According to the model, communication involves four key elements: the communicators, their communication skills, the context, and the message itself. In this model, communicators are viewed as individuals who bring their unique backgrounds, experiences, and perspectives to the communication process.
Barnlund also emphasizes the importance of communication skills, which include verbal and nonverbal behaviors, listening skills, and the ability to interpret and respond to feedback.
The context in which communication occurs is also an important aspect of Barnlund’s model. Context refers to the physical, social, and cultural environment in which communication occurs. The context can affect how a message is perceived and interpreted.
Finally, the message itself is a dynamic process involving encoding, decoding, and feedback. Barnlund’s model emphasizes that messages are not simply transmitted from one person to another but are shaped and influenced by the communicators, their skills, and the context in which they communicate.
Overall, Barnlund’s transactional model of communication highlights the complexity of communication and the many factors that influence how messages are perceived and interpreted. It emphasizes the importance of communication skills, feedback, and the context in shaping the meaning of messages.
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Transactional model of communication example
Suppose two colleagues, Anna and Michael, are working on a project together. Anna emails Michael asking for his feedback on a particular aspect of the project. Michael responds with a detailed critique of Anna’s work. In response, Anna feels frustrated and misunderstood.
In this example, Anna and Michael are the communicators. They each bring their unique perspectives and experiences to the communication process. Anna’s email message is the initial communication that starts the process, and Michael’s response is a feedback message that responds to Anna’s initial communication.
Communication skills are also important in this example. Anna’s email message may have been unclear or not specific enough, which caused Michael to provide feedback that was not helpful. Similarly, Michael’s feedback message may have been too critical, causing Anna to feel frustrated.
The context of the communication is also important. Email communication can be prone to misunderstandings because it lacks the nonverbal cues that are present in face-to-face communication. Additionally, the context of the project itself, such as the deadline or the stakes involved, can affect how Anna and Michael communicate with each other.
Overall, this example illustrates how communication is a complex and dynamic process that involves multiple elements. Barnlund’s transactional model of communication highlights the importance of each of these elements and how they interact to shape the meaning of messages.
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How to use the Transactional model of communication in our daily lives
The transactional communication model can be used in our daily lives to improve our communication skills and deepen our understanding of how communication works. Here are a few ways to apply the model in your everyday life:
- Pay attention to nonverbal cues: The transactional model of communication recognizes the importance of nonverbal communication, such as facial expressions, tone of voice, and body language. Paying attention to these cues can help you better understand what someone is trying to communicate.
- Practice active listening: In the transactional model, communication is a two-way process where both parties send and receive messages. Practicing active listening, paying attention to what the other person is saying, and responding with empathy and understanding can help improve communication and build stronger relationships.
- Be aware of your own communication skills: The transactional model emphasizes that communication skills are important in shaping the meaning of messages. Reflecting on your own communication skills and working to improve them can help you better convey your thoughts and ideas to others.
- Consider the context of your communication: The context of communication can affect how messages are perceived and interpreted. Knowing the context can help you better tailor your message to the situation and improve communication.
- Use feedback loops to clarify understanding: In the transactional model, communication involves feedback loops between sender and receiver. Feedback loops, such as asking for clarification or restating what you heard, can help ensure that both parties are on the same page and understand each other’s messages.
By applying the principles of the transactional model of communication to your daily life, you can improve your communication skills and build stronger relationships with others.
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